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Reducing the Risk of Anal Cancer in People Living with HIV

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Clinical trial determines that treating HIV patients with HSILs resulted in 57% fewer cases of anal cancer

Is there a way to reduce the number of HIV patients developing anal cancer? This clinical trial has some positive results.

Anal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the anus, the opening at the end of the rectum. It's a rare form of cancer, but its incidence is higher among people living with HIV. Like other types of cancer, early detection and treatment are crucial for better outcomes. Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer is preceded by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). However, data from prospective studies of treatment for anal HSIL to prevent anal cancer are lacking.

To address this gap, a phase 3 trial was conducted in 25 U.S. sites. The study randomly assigned persons living with HIV who were 35 years of age or older and had biopsy-proven anal HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) to receive either HSIL treatment or active monitoring without treatment.

The treatment for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) included office-based procedures, anesthesia-based ablation or excision, or the use of topical fluorouracil or imiquimod. Participants in the treatment group were treated until their HSIL was completely gone. All participants had high-resolution anoscopies every six months, and biopsies were done as needed.

Out of 4,459 participants, 4,446 were included in the analysis of cancer progression after an average follow-up of 25.8 months. Nine cases of anal cancer were diagnosed in the treatment group and 21 in the active-monitoring group. The risk of anal cancer was 57% lower in the treatment group than in the active-monitoring group. Among participants with biopsy-proven anal HSIL, the risk of anal cancer was significantly lower with treatment for anal HSIL than with active monitoring.

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This study highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of anal HSIL in people living with HIV. Early treatment can significantly reduce the risk of progression to anal cancer. It is essential for people living with HIV to undergo regular check-ups and screenings for HSIL to detect and treat the condition early.

Conclusion

The findings of this study can have significant implications for the management of anal HSIL in people living with HIV. This study provides evidence that treatment for anal HSIL can significantly reduce the risk of progression to anal cancer in people living with HIV. Healthcare providers can use this information to develop treatment plans that include early detection and treatment of HSIL. This can lead to improved health outcomes and a reduced risk of developing anal cancer in people living with HIV.
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This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers/viewers of this content are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions. CenTrial Data Ltd. does not take responsibility for possible health consequences of any person or persons reading or following the information in this educational content. Treatments and clinical trials mentioned may not be appropriate or available for all trial participants. Outcomes from treatments and clinical trials may vary from person to person. Consult with your doctor as to whether a clinical trial is a suitable option for your condition. Assistance from generative AI tools may have been used in writing this article.